二甲双胍联合运动疗法对抗精神病药致糖脂代谢紊乱患者血抵抗素和脂联素水平的影响

目的 探讨二甲双胍联合运动疗法对抗精神病药致糖脂代谢紊乱患者血抵抗素和脂联素水平的影响.方法 选择山东省滨州市人民医院诊治的200例精神分裂症患者,完全随机分对照组（100例）和研究组（100例）.对照组在持续使用抗精神病药物的同时采用二甲双胍治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上联合运动疗法,比较2组患者治疗前及治疗12周后体质量、腰围、空腹及餐后2h血糖、血脂谱、血抵抗素、胰岛素抵抗指数、糖化血红蛋白以及脂联素水平.结果 对照组治疗前体质量、腰围、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇分别为（65 ±8）kg、（84 ±5） cm、（7.2±1.5） mmol/L、（10.8±2.2） mmol/L、（7.8±0.6）％、（6.3±2.6）、（2.5±0.3）mmol/L、（6.2±1.0） mmol/L、（0.7±0.2）mmol/L、（3.4±0.4）mmol/L,治疗后分别为（63±6）kg、（83 ±4）cm、（6.5 ± 1.3） mmol/L、（7.8±0.6）mmol/L、（6.5±0.4）％、（3.5±0.7）、（2.2±0.3）mmol/L、（5.6±0.9）mmol/L、（1.0±0.3）mmol/L、（2.6±0.3）mmol/L.研究组治疗前体质量、腰围、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇分别为（65 ±8） kg、（84 ±5）cm、（7.3±1.6） mmol/L、（10.6±2.3） mmol/L、（7.9±0.6）％、（6.4±2.5）、（2.6 ±0.3） mmol/L、（6.3±1.1） mmol/L、（0.7±0.2）mmol/L、（3.3±0.4）mmol/L,治疗后分别为（58±6）kg、（80 ±4）cm、（5.7±1.2） mmol/L、（7.3±0.5）mmol/L、（6.1±0.4）％、（2.9±0.6）、（1.8±0.3）mmol/L、（4.9±0.8）mmol/L、（1.3±0.3）mmol/L、（2.3±0.3）mmol/L,研究组治疗12周后,体质量、腰围、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显低于对照组治疗后和本组治疗前,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于对照组治疗后和本组治疗前,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.2组患者治疗前血抵抗素、脂联素等指标比较差异无统计学意义[对照组分别为（45±13）、（30±10）μg/L,研究组分别为（45±13）、（30±10） μg/L,均P＞0.05].治疗12周后,研究组患者血抵抗数、脂联素等脂肪细胞因子明显低于对照组治疗后[分别为（35±8）μg/L比（43±8）μg/L、（22 ±9） μg/L比（28±9） μg/L,均P＜0.05].结论 二甲双胍在影响糖代谢和胰岛素分泌、减轻胰岛素抵抗的同时,可通过降低血抵抗素、脂联素等脂肪细胞因子而产生的作用,运动疗法可减轻体质量,缓解胰岛素抵抗,联合治疗的效果优于单用二甲双胍.     

C反应蛋白和肿瘤坏死因子-α对单核细胞妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A mRNA表达影响的实验研究

目的 研究C反应蛋白(CRP)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)对人外周血单核细胞妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A) mRNA表达的影响.方法 采用密度梯度离心法分离人外周血单核细胞,用RT-PCR方法分别观察CRP和TNF-α刺激单核细胞PAPP-A mRNA表达的时间及剂量效应.结果 与空白对照组PAPP-A的mRNA表达(0.1842±0.0101)相比,CRP(20 mg/L)刺激单核细胞2 h后,PAPP-A mRNA表达开始显著增加(0.2128±0.0136),于24 h达最高值(0.6837±0.1360),呈时间依赖性.rhTNF-α(100 ng/ml)刺激后,PAPP-A mRNA表达在2 h迅速升高并达峰值(1.2546±0.0866),24 h仍高于空白对照组(0.8203±0.0413).CRP和rhTNF-α均可呈剂量依赖性诱导PAPP-A的mRNA表达,其中CRP(1、5、10和20 mg/L)刺激组PAPP-A 的mRNA表达分别为0.2544±0.0611、0.4177±0.1200、0.5828±0.0152和0.6837±0.1360,rhTNF-α(5、10、25、50和100 ng/ml)刺激组分别为0.2424±0.1378、0.3335±0.0196、0.5742±0.0131、0.6913±0.0219和0.8203±0.0413.放线菌素D(1 μg/ml)能抑制CRP和rhTNF-α对单核细胞PAPP-A mRNA表达的诱导作用.结论 促炎因子CRP和rhTNF-α可在转录水平直接调控人外周血单核细胞PAPP-A的基因表达,这可能是急性冠状动脉综合征患者循环中PAPP-A水平升高的机制之一.     

Positive responses to televised beer advertisements associated with drinking and problems reported by 18 to 29-year-olds

Aims. To examine the nature of the relationships between responses to alcohol advertisements and drinking behaviour and related problems. To examine the role of positive and negative beliefs about drinking as intervening variables . Design. Survey utilizing a CATI (computer-assisted telephone interviewing) system, involving interviews with 1012 randomly selected respondents . Setting. Respondents were randomly selected from throughout New Zealand . Participants. Eighteen to twenty-nine-year-old New Zealanders . Measurements. Response to specific alcohol advertisements was measured by recalled exposure (how often they recalled having seen the advertisements) and liking (a measure of positive response) . Findings. An exploratory non-recursive structural equation model, based on 791 drinkers provided tentative support for the hypothesis that positive responses to televised beer advertisements (as measured by liking) contributed to the quantity of alcohol consumed on drinking occasions, which in turn contributed to the level of alcohol-related problems. The model, which provided a good fit to the data, was consistent with the hypothesis that liking of beer advertisements had both a direct influence on quantities of alcohol consumed and an indirect influence, via its influence on positive beliefs. These effects were present after controlling for reciprocal effects, none of which were significant. The data did not support the hypothesis that the quantities of alcohol consumed would influence the respondent's liking of beer advertisements. Recalled exposure was not a significant influence on the quantities consumed . Conclusions. The results are consistent with a number of theoretical perspectives and with a growing body of research that are suggestive of alcohol advertising having some influence on the consumption of younger people.     

牙周内窥镜下刮治与传统刮治对龈下牙石清除效果的比较

目的比较内窥镜下龈下刮治与传统龈下刮治清除龈下牙石的效果。方法收集16例患者26颗无保留价值的重度慢性牙周炎患牙,随机分为两组,每组8例13颗患牙,分别行牙周内窥镜下龈下刮治(A组)及传统龈下刮治(B组),每颗患牙均刮治10min后拔除,亚甲基蓝染色后,蓝色显示残留牙石,对每颗牙颊、舌、近中及远中面拍照并用Image Pro Plus图像分析软件检测、计算各牙面的牙石残留率。比较两组患牙治疗后的牙石残留率以及吸烟、牙周探诊出血位点数和牙周探诊深度对牙石清除效果的影响。结果 A组患牙平均牙石残留率为(8.34±1.70)%,B组患牙平均牙石残留率为(13.02±3.36)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。吸烟、探诊出血位点数、牙周探诊深度对治疗后的牙石残留率均有影响(P<0.05)。结论在牙周内窥镜下行龈下刮治,清除牙石的效果明显优于传统龈下刮治。吸烟、探诊出血、探诊深度对牙石残留率均有影响。     

Mitochondrial genes and genomes support a cryptic species of tapeworm within Taenia taeniaeformis

Taenia taeniaeformis is a globally distributed cestode, which uses felids as definitive and rodents as intermediate hosts. The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of T. taeniaeformis from Germany (Tt-GER) was sequenced, and compared with that of another isolate from China (GenBank NC_014768; Tt-CHN), both taken from cats. Analysis of the two mtDNAs indicated that the isolates are significantly different from one another with 12.6% and 9.9% nucleotide and amino acid divergence between them, for concatenated protein-coding genes; overall difference based on a pairwise nucleotide alignment of complete mtDNAs was 11.8%. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 12 protein-coding genes of all available taeniid mtDNAs confirmed the two T. taeniaeformis isolates as sister taxa (likely separate species) and early divergent members of the genus, as suggested previously by morphology. Phylogenetic analysis of published fragments of mt genes rrnS, cox1 and nad1, which represent multiple geographic isolates of T. taeniaeformis also resolve two distinct clades that at present do not seem to be geographically isolated. Mean pairwise (nucleotide) differences between the two clades of T. taeniaeformis were approximately 11%, 10% and 13% in partial rrnS (182bp), cox1 (371bp) and nad1 (459bp) genes, respectively. Differences between entire mtDNAs and partial mt genes of the two T. taeniaeformis isolates are of a similar magnitude between established taeniid sister species. Tt-CHN differs from all other Taenia mtDNAs in lacking a short (～69bp) non-coding region between trnY and trnL1. Partial mt fragment analysis highlighted likely misidentifications of T. taeniaeformis on GenBank.     

影像存储和传输系统在疗养院的实施与应用

随着数字化医学影像技术和信息技术迅速发展,影像存储和传输系统(Picture Archiving and Communications System,以下简称PACS)在医疗机构中日益普及。PACS建设的目标旨在实现医学影像的计算机化和网络化管理[1],帮助影像科室医师进行影像诊断,更好地为临床医生的诊断决策提供参考,提高对疗养员的医疗服务品质。PACS是一     

患者拒绝镍铬合金烤瓷冠修复的原因调查与对策

1临床资料2010-04—06在我院口腔中心进行患牙治疗并行烤瓷冠修复的患者324例。根据其对镍铬合金烤瓷冠的选用情况,对治疗前期宣教中患者决定采用镍铬合金烤瓷冠,但在牙体制备后放弃镍铬合金烤瓷冠而改选用中、高档次烤瓷冠修复者138例,基牙为活髓者97例,基牙为死髓者41例;单颗或2颗冠修复者78例,3颗或3颗以上冠修复者60例。随机发放调查表120份,回收有效调查表117份,回收率97.5%。     

星状神经节阻滞治疗更年期女性失眠症疗效观察

目的观察星状神经节阻滞(SGB)治疗更年期女性失眠症的临床疗效。方法将76例更年期女性失眠症患者随机分为两组,研究组和对照组各38例。研究组给予星状神经节阻滞(生理盐水6mL+质量浓度为0.02g/mL利多卡因4mL,1次/d,左右两侧交替阻滞)治疗,对照组给予复方酸枣仁胶囊(每晚睡前1粒口服)治疗。整个治疗过程均不给予合并其他镇静催眠的药物及治疗方法,治疗时间为2周,采用睡眠障碍评定量表(SDRS)在治疗前及治疗后1、2周末各评定1次,对两组患者治疗后的疗效进行评价。结果两组患者治疗前后SDRS总分间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);研究组治疗2周后的有效率(临床痊愈与显著有效之和)为28.9%,对照组治疗2周后的有效率为10.5%,两组有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论星状神经节阻滞治疗更年期女性失眠症有效率明显高于复方酸枣仁胶囊,是一种行之安全、有效的改善更年期女性失眠的治疗方法,不仅能明显改善患者的睡眠质量,还可改善更年期女性由于体内激素变化引起的自主神经功能紊乱而出现的一系列症状,提高更年期女性失眠患者的生活质量。     

First principles study of Schottky barriers at Ga2O3(100)/metal interfaces

A low Schottky barrier height (SBH) of metal–semiconductor contact is essential for achieving high performance electronic devices. Based on first principles calculations, we have comprehensively investigated the interfacial properties of β-Ga₂O₃ (100) with different metals including Mg, Ni, Cu, Pd and Pt. SBHs have been calculated via layered partial density of states (PDOS) and validated by visual wavefunctions. The results surprisingly show that Mg contact possesses the lowest SBH of 0.23 eV, while other SBHs range from 1.06 eV for Ni, 1.17 eV for Pd and 1.27 eV for Cu to 1.39 eV for Pt. This shows that SBHs of β-Ga₂O₃ are not fully dependent on metal work functions due to a Fermi level pinning effect. The tunneling barrier was also calculated via electrostatic potential with a 72.85% tunneling probability of the Mg/Ga₂O₃ interface. The present study will provide an insight into characteristics of Ga₂O₃/metal interfaces and give guidance for metal choice for Ga₂O₃ electronic devices.

A low Schottky barrier height (SBH) of metal–semiconductor contact is essential for achieving high performance electronic devices.     

Bandgap engineering of few-layered MoS2 with low concentrations of S vacancies

Band-gap engineering of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) by introducing vacancies is of particular interest owing to the potential optoelectronic applications. In this work, systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out for few-layered 3R-MoS₂ with different concentrations of S vacancies. All results revealed that the defect energy levels introduced on both sides of the Fermi level formed an intermediate band in the band gap. Both the edges of the intrinsic and intermediate bands of the structures with the same type of vacancies were generally closer to the Fermi level, and the gaps decreased as the number of layers increased from 2 to 4. The preferentially formed S vacancies at the top layer and the transition of defect types from point to line led to similar indirect band gaps for 2- and 4-layered 3R-MoS₂ with a low bulk concentration (around 5%) of S vacancies. This is different from most reported results about transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials that the indirect band gap decreases as the number of layers increases and the low concentrations of vacancies show negligible influence on the band gap value.

Band-gap engineering of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) by introducing vacancies is of particular interest owing to the potential optoelectronic applications.